Answer:
a. It is a hormone that acts upstream in the signaling pathway (i.e., acting as a ligand by binding to cell receptors)
b. Dopamine-mediated pathways
Explanation:
It is well known that many cellular transduction pathways are activated via binding of signaling molecules (ligands) to receptors capable of triggering signaling cascades into the cell. For example, dopamine is a signaling hormone (neurotransmitter) involved in diverse brain processes (i.e., motor control, emotional response, etc). It is a neurotransmitter that binds to dopamine receptors and then stimulates the enzyme adenylate cyclase in a process that subsequently activates the production of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Finally, cAMP acts as an intracellular signal transductor that play roles in many biological processes by transferring into the cell the effects of dopamine.
Answer:
It is codorminace.
Explanation:
Codorminace is a type of inheritance relationship in which the offspring receive one allele or gene from the father and another gene from the mother and the two allele inherited are not receive rather they are dorminant in the offspring or they are not masked but they are both expressed in the offspring.
From the question, it could be discovered that the offsprings inherit dark brown gene from the father and golden brown from the mother , the two are expressed at they same time and that is why the children shades from light to dark brown.
Answer:
Explanation:
Stomata: as it allows the diffusion of carbon dioxide in the cell and oxygen out the cell.But it is held together by the guard cell.
Root hair cell:as this absorbs water and mineral ions efficently it does this by increasing surface area to absorb efficently and it ahs lots of mitochondria for the active transport of minerals ions from a dilute solution in the soil to a concentrated solution in the root hair
Xylem:This is spiral rings which are formed in a cell
<span>People largely ignore the health consequences of smoking due to its addictive nature. Many people pick up smoking very young, so it becomes part of their routine early on.</span>