Answer:
(a) Powers set aside for states use by the constitution (b) The constitution is binding on all authorities and persons throughout the federation (c) Powers given to federal government and states government to legislate on certain issues. (d) Fundamental human right of the citizens shall not be deprived without following the due process established by the constitution (e) Powers which are not directly given to a level of government to exercise power on such issues.
Explanation:
A federal constitution is a body of fundamental laws which clearly shows the powers given by the constitution to various levels of government within a federal state. A federal constitution is the supreme point of legal reference for all cases within a federation. A federal constitution separates powers such as
Reserved powers under the 10th Amendment :This is the powers the constitution set aside for the use of states in matters that concerned them. They are given the powers to make decisions on those matters that concern them without waiting for federal government to decide for them for example on road matters.
Supremacy of the constitution : This is a term which shows that the constitution is supreme and that its provisions shall have a binding force on all authorities and persons throughout the federation. If any other laws is inconsistent with the provisions of the constitution, then the constitution shall prevail, while such laws shall be declared null and void.
Concurrent powers under the 9th Amendment : This is the powers given by the constitution to federal government and states government to legislate on certain issues .but in order to eliminate crisis and confusion in the event of any conflict arising as a result of interest between the state and federal laws on these issues, then the federal laws take pre- eminence over those of state. For example issues such as education, health, sports and so on.
Due process powers under the 14th Amendment : This is the powers which states that citizens fundamental human right such as right to life, right to dignity of human persons, right to personal liberty and so on shall not be taken away from them except by following the due process stipulated by the constitution for such right to be deprived.
Implied power under Article iv : These are the powers which are not directly given to level of government but which is assumed that a level of government can exercise power on such issues because they are found to be the same with issues which are given to them by the constitution to legislate upon.
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Answer:
During his period architecture reached its highest water mark in India. As observed by the noted art critic Percy Brown, “As it was the proud statement of Augustus that he found Rome built of bricks and left it of marble, similarly Shah Jahan had found the Mughal cities of stones, he left them of marble”.
Explanation:
Shah Jahani's architectural style of the building is India that flourished during the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Taj Mahal in Agra, India is a prime example of this type of architecture. architecture is marked by symmetry and balance between the parts of the building, with white marble become the primary choice of building materials.
Another example of Shah Jahan period architecture found in the Red Fort in Delhi, India. "Hall of Public Audience" and "Hall of Private Audience", which housed the Peacock Throne, two more examples of the architecture of this period.
Under the reign of Shah Jahan, however, there is an emphasis unprecedented in Mughal architecture in a graceful line structure and a harmonious balance between all the parts. Shah Jahan's personal involvement in architecture and urban planning appears to have motivated others, especially high-ranking ladies of the court, to build
