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2 years ago

How can molecular evidence show species relatedness

Biology

2 answers:

Yuki888 [10]2 years ago

8 0

Answer:

Nowadays, molecular pieces of evidence are used to show the similarity between two species as the universal molecule- DNA is present in all living organism from lower to higher organisms which code for the amino acids of the proteins.

The differences and similarities between genomes of two different species confirm relatedness as a mutation in genes can show evolutionary patterns which can be summarized as:

differences between base sequences can show the degree of divergence.
a large number of differences means species diverged long ago.
more similarity in sequence means species are more closely related.

Thus, molecular evidence is used to show species relatedness.

ohaa [14]2 years ago

6 0

Molecular evidence would include DNA
by comparing Gene sequence, you can tell which species have the most genes in common

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What structure is most important in forming the tetrads?

Vladimir79 [104]

Answer:

The correct answer will be option- synaptonemal complex.

Explanation:

The tetrad arrangement of the genetic material in an organism is mediated by a highly conserved structure known as the synaptonemal complex. The synaptonemal complex is formed during the prophase I of the meiosis I which attaches the chromatin of the homologous chromosomes.

The synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous structure which is formed by the two lateral ladders like elements with a central portion composed of the central element. The chromatin gets attached to the lateral elements while the central a portion bridge space between the two ladders thus help in the formation of the tetrad.

Thus, option- synaptonemal complex is the correct answer.

4 0

2 years ago

How many grams of the compound in the figure above are required to make 1 liter of a 0.5 M solution? (Note: The atomic masses, i

Dafna1 [17]

Answer:

This question is incomplete as there is no figure in the question but the compound in the figure is Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH). Hence, we can calculate the mass.

The answer is: 30grams

Explanation:

According to the question, the volume of the compound (CH3COOH) is 1litre while the molar concentration is 0.5M

Molarity or Molar concentration is calculated using the formula:

M= n/V

Where; M= Molarity (M) = 0.5M

n= number of moles (mol)

V= Volume (V) = 1L

Hence, number of moles (n) = M × V

n = 0.5 × 1

n = 0.5 moles.

To calculate the mass in grams of CH3COOH, we say;

Number of moles (n) × molar mass (MM)

Since atomic mass for (C= 12, H= 1 and O=16)

Molar mass of CH3COOH:

= 12 + 1(3) + 12 + 16 + 16 + 1

Molar mass of CH3COOH = 60g/mol

Mass (in grams) of CH3COOH = 0.5 moles × 60g/mol

Mass = 30grams.

Therefore, 30grams of CH3COOH compound are required to make 1 liter of a 0.5 M solution.

6 0

2 years ago

Describe the process of seed germination

Slav-nsk [51]

Basically the seed contains 2 parts, the testa, which is the seed coat that protects the seed and cotelydon, which is the inside of the seed, containing the radical and plumle.
for seed to germinate, we need 3 basic conditions,
warmth, it is the suitable temperature for seed germination, it can influence the activity of enzymes. providing a optimum temperature
water, to soften down the testa so that the shoot can break out from the testa
and oxygen, for aerobic respiration
.
If these conditions are absent, the seed may be in the state of dormancy. where is won't germinate until it meets the suitable conduction.
after that, the enzyme will digest the nutrient inside the seed and provide amino acid, which is necessary to seed germination. and meanwhile the aerobic respiration provides energy, so that the plumlecan shoot out, and be the shoot of the plant.
and then until it grows leaves, it'll start to complete photosynthesis, instead of using the nutrients inside the cotelydon.

7 0

2 years ago

An organism starts out as a single cell that makes identical copies of itself.<br><br> true or false

Zinaida [17]

True I think I'm not sure tho

7 0

2 years ago

Read 2 more answers

List four "beliefs" in which evolutionary scientists place their faith when supporting the theory of evolution. Use complete sen

VashaNatasha [74]

Answer: Answers below.

Explanation: One aspect in which evolutionists place their faith in is the geological column. If you examine a chart of it, you will notice a trend. As you go deeper into the geological column, the fossils found there get more and more "simple". On the surface of the geological column, scientists have found more complex life forms. This trend suggests that organisms evolved over time, and the geological column represents this trend in chronological order. However, this data could be used against evolution as well. Therefore, it is inconclusive. If you believe the sedimentary rock formed so rapidly due to the biblical flood, this is evidence against evolution. If you believe rocks formed according to the observations of Charles Lyell, then this could be evidence for evolution. It all depends on how one interprets the data.

Another aspect in which evolutionists place their faith is something they call "intermediate links" Intermediate links are supposed to indicate a transitional form between two different creatures to show that they evolved. For example, evolutionists state that the creature Archaeopterynx is the transitional form between reptiles and birds. Another example of a transitional form found is the Australopithecus afarensis, which is supposed to be the transitional form between apes and humans due to similar bone structures and that this creature was bipedal like us humans.

Another belief evolutionists have to support the theory of evolution is the science of structural homology. Structural Homology is a science that studies similar structures in different organisms. For example, if you examined the forearms of a bat, bird, porpoise, and human, you would find that they have similar forearm structures, They all have a radius, humerus, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. This indicates that all these creatures evolved from a common ancestor due to their strikingly similar structures.

Another aspect in which evolutionists place their faith is in the science of molecular biology. You see, all organisms contain a common protein called cytochrome C. Cytochrome c performs the same basic function in every organism. It is possible to calculate the percentage difference between the cytochrome c in each organism. Evolutionists have created a table that shows the percentage difference between a few different species of organisms. What they found appeared to indicate an evolutionary trend. However, more research shows that this data is highly flawed. If you calculate the percentage difference of this protein between a horse, pigeon, tuna, silkworm moth, wheat, the yeast and compared it to a bacterium ( the "simplest" life form) you would find that all these organisms are almost the same percent different from each other, indicating individual species rather than evolving from a common ancestor. All of these assumptions stated above can be evidence for or against evolution. It all is determined by how someone interprets these facts. I hope this helped you! Good luck :)

3 0

3 years ago