Answer:
In all different levels of the food webs and food chains, it is seen that damaged members of the prey have become easy food for the predators.
Explanation:
Preys can identify the other members of their species are injured or wounded or fed by the predators by their body fluid in as if a predator eats the prey the blood or other body fluid releases. These fluids or blood help individual prey species to be aware of the predator as they recognize that their species member is wounded or consumed by there olfactory receptors.
There are several other chemicals cue that is species specif that are released by the prey to alarm the other species member by injured or dead members.
Thus, the correct answer is - In all different levels of the food webs and food chains it is seen that damaged members of the prey have become easy food for the predators.
The correct answer is stabilizing selection.
Stabilizing selection is a kind of natural selection in which the mean of the population steadies on a specific non-extreme trait value. This is considered to be the most general process of action for natural selection as the majority of the traits do not seem to vary radically with time.
Stabilizing selection is the reverse of disruptive selection. In spite of preferring individuals with extreme phenotypes, it favors the transitional variants. Stabilizing selection seems to eradicate the more extreme phenotypes, resulting in the reproductive success of the average or norm phenotypes.
This signifies that the most general phenotype in the population is chosen and continues to govern in the coming generations. As the majority of the traits vary slightly with time, stabilizing selection is considered to be the most usual kind of selection in the majority of the populations.
Antarctic fish. To stop their blood from freezing, some fish that live in the arctic and Antarctic have special Antifreeze proteins. Antifreeze proteins are very clever, as they slow down the formation of bonds between water molecules, which prevents the formation of ice crystals in the fish's blood.
Lactobacillus is a non spore forming bacteria
