Question

Despite the theoretical elegance of this hypothesis, empirical studies have come to the opposite conclusion. Despite the favorable effect of international diversification of cash flows, bankruptcy risk was only about the same for MNEs as for domestic firms. However, MNEs faced higher costs for each of the following EXCEPT:
A) agency costs.
B) political risk.
C) asymmetric information.
D) In fact, each of these costs were higher for the MNE than for the domestic firm.

Answer 1

Answer:

D) In fact, each of these costs were higher for the MNE than for the domestic firm.

Explanation:

It has been concluded through empirical studies, that Multinational Enterprises, MNEs encounters various factors leading to lower debt ratios and a higher cost of long-term debt, such as greater agency costs, political risk, asymmetric information, and foreign exchange risk,

Hence, given the question above, the right answer is option D "In fact, each of these costs was higher for the MNE than for the domestic firm."