In a nutshell, the cruel and unusual punishment clause measures a particular punishment against society's prohibition against inhuman treatment. It prevents the government from imposing a penalty that is either barbaric or far too severe for the crime committed.
Sources such as diaries though not very reliable can be used if there are a large amount of them showing the same date and event. Historical books written about the event especially those closer to the time would be able to help determine that the date is accurate as well.
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Explanation
An outspoken Anti-Federalist, Henry opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, which he felt put too much power in the hands of a national government. His influence helped create the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed personal freedoms and set limits on the government's power.
I'm not sure what your asking but after the vice president the speaker of the house becomes president
The Austonian (Austin), Trammell Crow Center (Dallas), continental Center I (Huston)