Hey!
There is not a lot of solid information on Osman I who established the Ottoman dynasty around 1300 CE. He was the hereditary leader of a small principality in Anatolia.
C. citizens united v. federal election commission :)
The main reason why we know more about Hammurabi's Code than other early forms of law is because Hammurabi's Code was the first (or at least one of the first) codes of law to be permanently inscribed on stone instead of issued on paper or through word of mouth.
I believe that the senate has more continuity than the framers planned because most senators win reelection.