hope it helps.
ani thanks chai daa lai bhannu hai.
stay safe healthy and happy.
$15 because a mean would allow him to spend $250 over the five months BUT he has already spent $235.
$250 - $235 = $15
So,
#1:

Convert to like improper fractions.

Add.

So, one solution could be

.
Another solution could by 9. There is also 10, 11, 12, etc., and all numbers in between.
#2:

Convert into improper fraction form.

Multiply.

Cross-cancel, and we have our final result.

k < 96
96 is not a solution.
95 is a solution.
So is 94, 93, 92, etc, and all numbers in between.
B.C. counts down to 0, and that's when A.D. starts counting up. That means you can add 582 and 1643, to get their difference. Pythagoras and Newton were born 2,225 years apart.
The topics you should learn are equating denominators and fractions. This is summing up simple fractions.
So we have to make denominators' numbers the same in order to sum up them all (we can sum fractions if the denominators are the same) , and we did it by cross product (that thing on the picture)
Equating by lcm (least common multiple) is the easiest way, because you might see bigger numbers on other questions, and cross product will bring much bigger numbers, so this technic might confuse you.
By the way lcm of 4 and 5 is already 20
Hope it helps!