Answer:
d. with just a few nights of sleep deprivation, but recovery will take more than a month of normal sleep
Explanation:
During sleep, the body heals itself, wear and tear of cells occur, and the chemical balance of hormones and neurotransmitters is restored. During sleep, the body prepares cytokines, that are protection and infection-fighting substances. Sleep deprivation prevents the production of cytokines and the ability to fight and prevent infections decreases. Sleep also enhances the T-cell responses which are associated with lymphocyte production pathway. Hence, people who remain awake have a lesser T-cell count due to decrease activation of T-cells. Hence, a few nights of sleep deprivation makes the immune system lack behind in the T-cell response generation. This low T-cell activity does not only impede the production of immune system cells but also reduces the functioning of existing cells such as decrease in cytokine functioning. Hence, the entire immune system cells needs a double amount of sleep functioning to keep track of immune system responses and rebuild the cells.
Answer:
A distinct phase during the stride cycle where the runner's weight is carried by the entire foot.
Explanation:
Answer:
Gametic cells.
4 cells.
Chromosomes number reduces to half.
Explanation:
Meiosis may be defined as a type of cell division in which a single parent cell divides to form the daughter cells. The sex cells or gametes (sperm and ova ) undergoes the meiosis division.
The single parent call divides into four daughter cells by the process of meiosis- I and meiosis- II. Meiosis II is similar to the process of mitosis.
Meiosis is also known as reduction division. The chromosome number reduces to half as compared with the parent cell. The haploid cells are produced in the meiosis.
The psychology Wilhelm Wundt
