The Answer is "C"
<h2>Further Explanation
</h2>
A guild is an artisans 'or merchants' union formed to monitor their business or commercial activities in certain areas. The oldest guilds were formed as Christian lay fraternities or business associations. Guilds are organized like professional associations, trade unions, cartels, and secret societies. Its existence is often dependent on the gift of a patent letter from a monarch head or other heads of government to control and control business activities in the interests of its members, to maintain ownership of working facilities, and to ensure a smooth supply of raw materials. The historical heritage of traditional guilds that still lasts until now is the hall of the guild, the meetinghouse of the guild members. Guild members who are found cheating in public will be fined or their membership revoked.
One of the important advances produced by guild-style association activities was the establishment of universities in the city of Bologna (founded in 1088), the city of Oxford (established no later than 1096), and the city of Paris (established ca. 1150). These universities were initially established as student guilds (Bologna University) or instructor guilds (University of Paris).
Gilda was the center of European craft organizations until the 16th century. In France, the rise of guilds in the second half of the 17th century was a tangible manifestation of the monarch's will to impose unity, control production, and reap the benefits of transparent structures in the form of more efficient taxation.
The guilds are recognized as organizations that are justified in enjoying certain privileges (patent letters), which are usually issued by the king or state and monitored by the heads of the local city business world (a kind of chamber of commerce). Such letters are the embryo of the patent and trademark system of the Modern Age. The guilds also set aside special funds to care for members who have health problems or who are elderly, to provide assistance for widows and children who have died by their members, for funeral expenses, and for 'wandering' benefits for those who need to travel long distances to find work. When the guild system of the Old City of London declined in the 17th century, uniformed unions were transformed into fraternal gatherings which assisted one another in similar ways.
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the effect on trade during the Middle Age brainly.com/question/13551461
Details
Grade: Middle School
Subject: History
keywords: trade, middle age, guild.
