A closed system is a system that makes no physical or chemical exchanges with its environment. Of these systems provided as choices (tree, human, clock, car), only a clock does not make exchanges with the environment, except for energy.
Therefore, of that list, only a clock would be a closed system.
Hope that helped! =)
Tiger frogs have similarities in their mitochondrial DNA that are not shared by other frog species
Darwin lived in a time where natural selection was a strange theory among scientists and researchers. This was especially true when other researcher Lamarck argued that organisms passed on helpful traits to their offspring, that they magically could form a new trait to adapt to their environment and then pass it onto their offspring. For example, if a giraffe was too short to reach food, it would grow a larger neck in its lifetime and then pass that trait onto its offspring. Darwin argued that, through the process of survival of the fittest, that short giraffe would die off and never receive the chance to pass on its shortness to future populations. Thus, taller giraffes would survive— they can reach food, shorter giraffes can’t— and the short genes would disappear. The fact that Darwin was introducing a new theory that nobody was used to at the time was peculiar, so he had few people on his side until long after his observations.
Another problem Darwin had was the lack of technology. To travel, Darwin would have to use boats to reach far away places, and of course, this took time.
The final problem Darwin had was the extra time it took for evolution, a process that can take up to millions of years. Evolution didn’t occur over night— it took time for Darwin to conduct experiments, observe, conduct them again, come to a conclusion, and so on.
Hope this helped a little!
Scientists use fossils to study earth history by identifying the fossil and what era it came from. By knowing what era the fossil came from and what location it was found, scientists can make assumptions about the earth formation at that time.
