Guilds were associations of people from the same industry: artisans and merchants who controlled their field, that is controlled what and how the services could be. They controlled the tools and the procedure of production and services.
The correct answer is:
controlled how their industry operated
Japan began its invasion of China in 1931. The Japanese military had their way over the armed forces of China, and occupied parts of China important to their war aims.
Your answer is A. Republic.
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Generally speaking, the tradition of separate nations takes this for granted and is justified so that people will not question why these nations are separated.
Tradition is the set of cultural goods that is passed on from generation to generation within a community. These are values, customs and manifestations that are preserved by the fact that they are considered valuable in the eyes of society and that are intended to instill new generations.
Tradition, therefore, is something that is inherited and that is part of cultural and social identity. The characteristic art of a social group, namely its music, its dances, its tales and proverbs, is part of what is traditional, like gastronomy.
