They countered it because they ruined the land in every way possible which made it hard even for their allies from South Vietnam to support them. Napalm just burnt down forests and habituated areas and harmed a lot of civilians directly, while things such as agent orange destroyed the environment and poisoned the ground, the waters, the food, and basically anything else. It caused much more harm to the people than it did to help them.
You both have something in common? You don’t like that person
When trying to find the meaning of a word look at the words around it, and how it is used or expressed in the sentence.
The ottoman army was large in numbers, fast and effective. Now if you take in consideration the the origin of turks is not the middle east but central asia, and the fact that the ottomans were excellent businessman, they had access to black powder. They were the one of the first to bring it to Europe.
They had this strategy of digging tunnels right under the walls and blowing them up with black powder explosions or setting a fire underneath.