The primary effect of cultural exchange between Europe and the Islamic world was that Muslim goods and knowledge led to some advancements in European society. One advancement example is the number system.
The oldest mesoamerican civilization is the Olmec civilization
The Central Powers included Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire.
The Central powers squared off against the Allied Powers during World War I. The Allied powers consisted of Russia, France, Great Britain, and Belgium. This war affected almost all of Europe and ended up with the Allied powers coming out victorious.
As Prime Minister, Churchill led Britain to victory during the Second World War. He led the Conservative Party for fifteen years from 1940 to 1955.Out of office during the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in warning about Nazi Germany and in campaigning for rearmamen
