There are kingdoms and the kingdoms represent different organisms.
Eutrophication, the process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, has become known to the environmentally aware community as a key human stressor on the world's ecosystems. High concentrations of nutrients, specifically phosphates and nitrates, promote excess growth of primary producers.
Treatment of epilepsy is directed at stabilizing overexcited nerve membranes.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Epilepsy is a disease whose cause is unknown, but it occurs as the nerves get too excited in the brain due to some unknown cause, and causes the centers to conduct the nerve impulses restlessly, and gets in a tetani mode, which is epilepsy. The patient presents with idiopathic seizures and that too, aggravated by stress, tension etc.
Antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin sodium causes the change in sodium channels and pumps which releases the concentration difference on each side of the neural membrane, thereby reducing the potential difference between the two sides. Thereby it stabilizes the nerve membranes.
Antibodies are produced when the body is exposed to a pathogen. Antibody production is a function of the specific immunity arm of the immune system.
During the first encounter with a pathogen, antibody production against that pathogen is a bit slow and not very vigorous. However, memory of that pathogen is kept in memory cell which are a type of lymphocyte.
On a second encounter with the same type of pathogen, the immune system specifically remembers the pathogen and the response this time round is faster, very vigorous, specific and very effective.
Vaccines follow this principle, making good use of immune memory.
