Answer:
high score on an exam for which a student studied diligently.
Explanation:
Operant conditioning can be defined as an associative learning process which involves reinforcing the strength of a behavior.
A reinforcement of a desired behavior involves the process of strengthening a positive behavior being exhibited by an individual through the use of stimulus. Thus, making the behavior to be exhibited in the future by the individual.
Primary reinforcers can be defined as all of the stimulus that are significant biologically to the growth and development of a living organism. Some examples are sleep, food, sex, shelter, water, safety etc.
All of the following are examples of primary reinforcers;
I. A large meal following an extended time without food.
II. Rat's food reward in a Skinner box.
III. Cold drink on a hot day.
IV. Hug from a loved one.
Answer: C. People of a higher social class are more likely to receive good medical care
Explanation: This is the theory given by Karl Marx, the creator of communist ideology, according to which, in capitalist relations and in a market economy, there is a constant conflict over limited resources. Such a social order, according to Marx, is based on the exploitation of workers by the capitalists and thus gaining profit, and such an order can only be maintained by the domination of the ruling class. This is accomplished through a demonstration of force and power because such a system is not natural, according to Marx.
In such a system, where members of the upper classes have capital, power and influence, they will surely have privilege in all areas of life, even in medical care, that is, they are more likely to receive a good medical care. It is likely that members of the upper classes will also live longer because they have many other benefits than medical care, which all contribute to a better quality of life. But if we have to opt for one answer, it is certain that medical care is what conflicts theory advocates as a benefit to the upper classes. According to Marx, the upper classes, that is, the owners of the capital, are the ones who determine the laws, have influence on the structures of government, so all state benefits will surely go to them, and not to everyone, as envisioned in the socialist system.
