Explanation:
Respiration is the process of releasing energy through the breakdown of nutrients such as glucose. Respiration can be aerobic (uses oxygen) or anaerobic (does not use oxygen). Aerobic respiration takes place continuously in both plants and animals. It occurs through a process known as cellular respiration.
Electrons are transferred sequentially between the two photosystems w photosystem I acting to generate NADPH and photosystem II acting to generate ATP the pathway of electron flow starts at photosystem II which is homologous to the photosynthetic reaction center of R (Brainliest Answer Will be appreciated:D)
Many ecological phenomena are difficult to study because they can take long periods of time or have large spatial scales.
Answer:
The innate immunity in living organisms protects them from the pathogens they encounter daily.
Explanation:
Pathogens are organisms such as virus, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, worms that causes diseases to its host.
For example, Avian flu is a strain or variant of the Influenza virus which predominantly causes a disease in birds such as chickens. The virus responsible for the Avian flu can be passed from birds to humans; when anyone comes in contact with a bird that is carrying the virus i.e a sick bird with Avian flu.
Homeostasis can be defined as a process through which a living organism maintains a steady or stable physical, internal and chemical environment ideal to enhance life and proper functionality.
Also, immunization can be defined as the process of boosting an individual's immunity or immune system against antigens (immunogen) which cause diseases by the administration of vaccines.
Basically, immunization helps to improve the functions of the antibodies, B cells, T cells etc.
If a person becomes infected with a pathogen, such as a virus. The internal stimulus that mainly takes place in order for their body to maintain homeostasis is that their core temperature increases. This is because pathogens such as a virus do not thrive or survive in a hot environment; they're naturally allergic to high temperature (heat).
