I can only answer question 1.
1: One event that relates to this is when British soldiers shot upon colonial revolutionists. This lead to the American Revolution.
Answer:
Definitely formal English as formal English is used in formal settings. Both the examples you gave are formal settings.
$112 because 10 times 10 is one hundred , and then 6 people can fit in a raft so one would hold 6 people and the other would hold the remaining 4 and that's two rafts... 6+6=12 and 12+100 = 112
