One man that was powerful from 1649-1658 was Oliver Cromwell because he led the Roundhead army.
6, 8, and 9 are all dependent clauses because you would not be able to say them on their own and make sense. They begin with words that make the listener expect more information in that sentence. For example if I just said "If I was taller" and said nothing else, the sentence wouldn't make much sense, so that makes it dependent.
7 and 10 are independent because you can say them on their own and it would make sense. I could say "I am taller" or "I wish I were taller', and the sentence would be complete
The character is very daring to come out of her house and step into thick fog. The character is unaware what is outdoors within the thick fog, this could be something dangerous but she is very confident to step outside of her safe home into a dangerous place. This symbolises that the character is very daring to step into danger.
Hope this makes sense :)