<span>Adams-Onis treaty is the your answer</span>
The Supreme court of the United States has ruled that every criminal has the right to a fair and impartial judge under the Sixth Amendment
In modern America, all defendants have the right to either choose a Judge or a Jury. Most Americans often opt for a jury for their cases, while most misendeavor cases are usually taken care of by a judge.
Hello. You did not enter the text to which this question refers, which makes it very difficult to answer it exactly. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
As you showed that the word "author" in line 10 was used as a proper noun, we can consider that the same word in line 4 was used in a general way and did not specify an exact person. This is because proper nouns are terms used to specify something or someone, as the question states that the word "author" was not used with the same meaning in line 4, we can consider that this is the difference.