The answer is the first one.
In "Writers often disavow the notion of a 'literary duty'" the author conveys a somewhat condescending attitude, as if they would always follow this and set aside anyone who said otherwise. This attitude says the author is looking down on them, and that the author believes that many authors do not meet their standards.
Another answer I would consider is "...writers ruined by their shrill commitments." However, there is no context or clear tone. The author could be mournful of the lost potential for all we know.
Answer:
i think it is because your cellphone is hurting the earth or affecting the earth in different ways
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Answer:
HE SAID THAT HE WAS LIVING IN LONDON.
Answer:
did you write that? If so thats rly good. try using some words with more pizzaz ( get ur thesaurus) maybe replace soft with smth else poetic or smth. for smiled at me, you could say i couldve sworn a shadow of a spile danced across her face.
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