Complete the sentence. "When a market failure arises because marginal social benefit exceeds the ability and willingness to pay
1 answer:
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Answer:
d. positive; exceeds
Explanation:
Unemployment rate refers to the percentage of the total labor force in an economy, who are unemployed but seeking to be gainfully employed. The unemployment rate is divided into various types, these include;
I. Cyclical unemployment rate (CU).
II. Frictional unemployment rate (FU).
III. Structural unemployment rate (SU).
IV. Actual unemployment rate (AU).
V. Natural Rate of Unemployment (NU).
Cyclical unemployment can be defined as a type of unemployment which is typically related to changes in the business, economy or industry cycle such as recession, governmental policies etc.
Mathematically, cyclical unemployment is given by the formula;
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The trough of a business cycle refers to the stage where decline (fall) in business activities ends and transit into expansion i.e the business moves from a decline (fall) to an expansion (rise).
Hence, at the trough of the business cycle, cyclical unemployment is positive and the actual unemployment rate exceeds the natural rate of unemployment because there's an increase in the level of output or productivity.
The closest to the minimum number of consumers needed to obtain the estimate with the desired precision is (b) 271
Explanation:
When the prior estimate of population proportion is not given , then the formula to find the sample size is given by :-
where E = Margin of error.
z* = Critical z-value.
As per given , we have
E = 5%=0.05
Confidence level = 90%
The critical value of z at 90% is 1.645 (By z-table)
Put all values in the formula , we get
n=0.25(1.645/0.05)²
n=0.25(32.9)²
n=270.6025≈271
Thus, the minimum sample size needed = 271
Hence , the correct answer is 271 .