The growth of industries in America started in the earlier 1800s and continued all through to the civil wars. After the war was over, the industries in America had become small, and labor remained widely but limited the production of more products.
Many businesses operated in small companies because lacked enough capital to expand. The American industry changed drastically after the war due to the introduction of machines that replaced manual labor, thus increase production. Investors also improved and expanded their operations.
The Columbian Exchange lead to an increase in the demand for skilled labor in Europe, because D) an abundance of raw materials from the new world needed to be made into finished goods. Many raw materials and new products were brought over to Europe from the Americas which needed to be made into finished products.