The reason that transformed U.S Politics in the 1920s is the ascent of progressive politicians. The correct answer is option B. This period was known as the Progressive Era. This transformed the U.S Politics because its aim was to eliminate the corruption in the government.
It was Bolsheviks (I am not sure if I remember correctly but it should mean something like "majority" but I am not 100% sure).
Declaration of Independence: "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"
The answer is simple: The Enlightenment