Answer:
Leptin is a protein hormone composed of 167 amino acids of the cytosine family, it is synthesized mainly by white adipose tissue. The leptin receptor is related to that of receptors for cytosines (since it uses Janus or JAK type kinases and STAT-3 proteins as intracellular mediators of transcription pathway), it is predominantly found in the hypothalamus (particularly in the arcuate nucleus and to a lesser extent in the nuclei dorsomedial and ventromedial), hippocampus and cerebellum. There is evidence that leptin acts at the level of the arcuate nucleus, preventing the formation of NPY.
Explanation:
Leptin is produced exclusively in adipose tissue cells in a wide variety of species, including humans, and its concentration is higher in overweight than in lean individuals. The biological actions of leptin can be classified into two groups, those that are exerted in the tissues of the central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus, and those that are carried out on the peripheral tissues. The former regulate body weight downward, decrease food intake, increase basal energy expenditure and modify some neuroendocrine functions such as reproduction, while the latter have effects on proliferation, differentiation and metabolism of peripheral tissues. The leptin that reaches the hypothalamus, in addition, inhibits protein synthesis and the secretion of neurons producing NPY / AgRP of the arcuate nucleus and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of those containing POMC. NPY (neuropeptide Y) is produced in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. This neurotransmitter arrives through the projections of the neurons of said nucleus to the paraventricular nucleus, which is the area where it is released. There are several studies that have shown that an increase in NPY leads to an increase in the sensation of hunger and thus to hyperphagia and obesity. Leptin acts at the level of the arcuate nucleus, preventing the formation of NPY. The leptin receptor lacks enzymatic activity in its intracellular domain. Instead, it is linked to members of the janus kinase family, which belong to a class of tyrosine kinases. The binding of the ligand activates the Jak kinase and leads to the phosphorylation of certain cytoplasmic proteins. Within these proteins there is a class of cytoplasmic transcription factors called signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT).
Answer:
The trend line shows the climate having an increase in temperature as the years go by.
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct option is;
A, B, and C, only
Explanation:
The amino group is the functional group of the form CH-NH₂ consisting of single bonds formed between hydrogen atoms, aryl groups, alkyl groups or two or more of such groups combined together bonded with a nitrogen atom. An amine is an organic compound that has an amino group in its composition or structure
Therefore, the amino group can be found in the molecules of A, B, and C only.
The cochlea contains organ of cortis which send(s) messages through the auditory nerve to the areas of the brain that are responsible for interpreting auditory information. The Organ of cortis contains the hair cells and nerve receptors for hearing. When the hair cells has been stimulated, it will react to specific sound frequencies. However, only certain hair cells will be stimulated based on the pitch of the sound. The signals produced by the hair cells will turn into nerve impulses which will be sent out by the cochlear portion of the auditory nerve into the brain. This auditory nerve will carry the impulses from cochlea into the mid-brain which is the cochlear nucleus. On other brain pathways that end in the auditory cortex of the brain these nerve impulses were carried.
Number one is D
Number 2 is b im pretty sure
