• 4 years of pre-medical education at a college or university • 4 years of medical school resulting in a M.D or D.O degree. • 1 year internship in general surgery. • 5-7 years neurosurgery residency program. •some neurosurgeons complete a fellowship after residency to specialize in a particular area. •continuing education - annual meetings, conferences, scientific journals, research - to keep up with advances made in the complex field of neurosurgery
Conversion of 1 mol of acetyl-CoA to 2 mol of Co2 and CoA via the citric acid cycle results in the net production of 12 mol of ATP.
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What is acetyl-coA?</h3>
Acetyl-CoA is produced in the mitochondrial matrix by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate from glycolysis, oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, or oxidative degradation of specific amino acids. The acetyl-CoA is then oxidized for energy production in the TCA cycle.
Mitochondrial enzymes are used in the citric acid cycle. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is fused with oxaloacetate in the first phase, which is mediated by citrate synthase. Citrate is formed as a result of the release of CoA-SH and heat. Dehydration and rehydration convert citrate to isocitrate.
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Answer Abnormal protein buildup, called amyloidosis
When consuming high protein, it is necessary to increase the intake of water or fluids along with it.
When a high-protein diet is taken, the athlete must increase the consumption of water or fluids as the kidneys are under strain and need to work more to get rid of excess ammonia. Protein is needed by athletes to repair and strengthen their muscles. Ammonia is the bi-product of the metabolism of protein which is converted to urea and is collected by kidneys which is then removed by the body as urine. Increased levels of ammonia can lead to permanent renal damage.
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Answer:
Upper extremeties
Explanation:
A person with a T8 injury would have injured the dermotome area of T8 (so chest/trunk area) and below, meaning anything above T8 dermatome should be unaffected.
