<span>Stimulation of thoracic or lumbar spinal regions; impulse reaches chain ganglion; acetylcholine release</span>. Acetylcholine is released if the synapse happens in the sympathetic ganglion, if the synapse is in post-ganglionic neuron, norepinephrine is released.
The henry's may have damaged and functional hair cells of cochlea in organ of corti.
Hearing and the Cochlea:
- Sound waves that enter the ear go through the external auditory canal before they strike the eardrum and cause it to vibrate.
- The incus receives sound vibrations from the malleus, also called "hammer," which is linked to the eardrum, and sends them on to the stapes.
- The stapes is a framework that moves the oval window in and out. This motion is received by the cochlea, a fluid-filled snail-like structure that houses the organ of Corti, the hearing organ.
- Small hair cells make up the lining of the cochlea. These cells convert vibrations into electrical impulses that sensory nerves then transmit to the brain. the Corti organ, which has four rows of hair cells. On the left, there is an inner row, and on the right, there are three outside rows.
- The stapes first sways against the oblong glass. This causes sound waves to travel into the cochlear fluid and move the organ of Corti.
- Lower frequency sound resonates with fibers towards the cochlea's upper end. Higher frequencies elicit a response from those near the oval window.
Learn more about the Structure of ear with the help of the given link:
brainly.com/question/18626504
#SPJ4
<span>Commensalism is an interaction in which one of those species would benefit, and the other one would not be affected. Parasitism is an interaction in which one of those species would benefit at the expense of the host organism. Thus, in commensalism we have one positive and one neutral result while in parasitism we have one positive and one negative result.</span>
Water serves as an electron source in the electron transport process of photosynthesis. The electron is extracted from water by using solar energy.
What is the electron transport chain's source of energy?
The electron transport chain uses the energy released by oxygen and reduced compound reactions such as cytochrome c and (indirectly) NADH and FADH2 to pump protons into the intermembranous space, producing the electrochemical gradient over the inner mitochondrial membrane.
In photosynthesis, water is split to produce electrons in the presence of sunlight, a process known as the photolysis of water. The electrons are finally transferred to NADP+ by the chloroplast electron transport chain, where they are reduced to NADPH.
Therefore, In aerobic respiration, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to oxygen by the mitochondrial electron transport chain to reduce oxygen in the water.
Learn more about photosynthesis from the given link.
brainly.com/question/1388366
#SPJ4
The ground finches adapted to have larger beaks to eat the bigger seeds in the drier seasons. This means over the years only the bigger beaked finches could survive to reproduce.
