The United States are a Bicameral republic, meaning that they have two legislative bodies, the House of Representatives and the Senate, each fulfilling their duties and each ensuring that legislature is adopted or not adopted.
It would be "d. eight-hour days" that was not a problem faced by workers in nineteenth century mills or mines, since legislation advocating for strict working hours did not come about until the Progressive Era.
The Constitution. Checks and balances throughout, separation of power in article one two and three.
Feudalism is a practice that has been used around the globe at different times, but was made famous for its use in Europe during the Middle Ages. Feudalism set up a system of control whereby nobles had control over fiefdoms or territories that were run by vassals, whereby they provided some degree of safety or protection for the vassals in return for payment through crops or some form of money.