Answer:
The correct answer is A. The Bretton Woods system ended in 1971.
Explanation:
The Bretton Woods system was a fixed exchange rate system in which the exchange rate for countries' currencies against the US dollar was fixed. From 1945 to 1971, it regulated exchange rates for member countries of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
In July 1944, an international conference was held in the small town of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, with participants from 44 nations. It was decided to set up the International Monetary Fund and the Bretton Woods system, the latter being used until the early 1970s.
The agreement meant that the member countries joined a fixed exchange rate system, which set the exchange rate for the country's currency against the US dollar. Instead, the US guaranteed a fixed redemption price of the dollar in gold. Exchange rate changes were made only to adjust for "basic imbalances" in the balance of payments. In practice, the agreement meant an end to repeated and drastic devaluations of local currencies in search of competitiveness in the export market. Earlier currency restrictions could also be lifted, with the result that international trade could increase.
The system was aborted in 1971, when the United States decided to no longer guarantee the dollar value with a fixed redemption price in gold, called the "Nixon shock". By then, the United States had already let the dollar exchange rate float in 1968. The reasons were, among other things, in the extremely costly Vietnam War for the United States. The result was that other currencies with previously fixed exchange rates also floated. The Bretton Woods system formally ceased in 1973, after vain attempts to stabilize key currencies.
Answer:
Garibaldi waged war on the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The French and Piedmontese defeated Austria. King Victor Emmanuel appointed Count di Cavour as prime minister of Sardinia.
Explanation:
Answer:
The White House
Explanation:
When the British reached Washington D.C. near the end of the War of 1812, they set the White House, Capitol, and many other public buildings on fire.
American Indians occupied Alcatraz Island in 1969 as a show of protest against the United States's constant choice to overlook or misrecognize rights and responsibilities set by treaties between tribes and the US government. Additionally (and more importantly) it was a retaliation against the theft of tribal land by the federal government. Protesters believed that if the federal government could illicitly occupy tribal lands, tribal members could just the same occupy federal lands.
The Occupation of Alcatraz was led by the Indians of All Tribes (IAT) as a form of inter-tribal solidarity. It preceded the more famous occupation of Wounded Knee in South Dakota during the early 1970s. That protest was organized primarily by the American Indian Movement (AIM).
Answer:
German paper marks rapidly lost value between 1918 and 1923
Explanation:
Between the period 1918 ans 1923, the German economy crumbled rapidly and it had enormous inflation, resulting in large scale poverty in the country. This can be seen very well from the presented graph, as at 1918 one paper Mark was almost equivalent to one gold Mark. Then as the years pass by the paper Mark starts to lose on value, and by 1921 it is almost 1,000 paper Marks that were the equivalent of one golden Mark. From 1922 we have a sharp loss of value of the paper Mark continuing in the next 1923, with the end result being one billion paper Marks to be equivalent to one gold Mark.
