Answer:
Primary Growth:
1. apical meristem
3. elongation
5. Increases exposure to light
9. Occurs in plants that live only one year
Secondary growth:
2. cork cambium
4. provides structural support
6. increases vascular flow
7. growth in thickness
10. lateral meristem
11. vascular cambium
Both:
8. occurs in plants that live many years
Explanation:
Plant primary growth starts with successive cell division cycles in undifferentiated cells that form the shoot apical meristem, thereby lengthening roots and stems. The meristems represent a type of tissue involved both in primary and secondary growth. Herbaceous plants have only primary growth and grow in length.
Secondary growth is caused by the growth of the vascular cambium (cambia) and lateral meristems. It is characterized by an increase in thickness of stems and roots. Vascular plants (i.e., plants with a xylem and phloem system) have secondary growth.
In woody plants, the primary and the secondary growth patterns occur across years, and thus they can increase their length (primary tissue growth) and diameter (secondary tissue growth).
