The 4 necessary cognitive processes are: 1. Attention: This is the way in which by means of observation we grasp what happens around us. 2. Retention: This is learning and passing on to the long-term memory what we have just observed. 3. Reproduction: It happens when the observed, retained and learned previously is repeated. 4. Motivation: Motivation is the desire to reproduce what we observe and learn.
The vertical line test can be used to determine whether a graph represents a function. If we can draw any vertical line that intersects a graph more than once, then the graph does not define afunction because a function has only one output value for each input value.