The 1790s political parties arose as a result of disagreements over three major issues: the nature of government, the economy, and foreign policy.
Understanding these disagreements allows us to begin to understand the conditions that allowed the two-party system to emerge in the United States.
What was the two-party system?
Political parties, according to George Washington, would be harmful to American society and should be avoided. However, the arguments of two distinct political groups dominated the politics of the 1790s (as they do today in the United States): the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists.
The nature of government and the economy, as well as the federalist and anti-federalist divisions, arose as a result of profound disagreements over foreign policy.
The Federalist Party had all but vanished by 1800, when Thomas Jefferson's anti-Federalist party, the Democratic Republicans, defeated his old friend John Adams and the Federalists for the presidency.
However, the origins of the two-party system in the United States today can be traced back to this difficult decade, which was marked by mistrust, the rise of factional newspapers, and profound debates about the country's future.
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