The macromolecules broken down by following enzymes are:
- Nuclease: Nucleotides
- Sucrase: Sucrose
- Lipase: Lipids
- Pepsin: Peptides
Enzymes are the biological catalysts. They function to catalyze the chemical reactions inside any living organism. These enzymes act upon certain molecules called substrates, carry out the reaction in an accelerated manner and then form the product.
Nucleotides are the molecules involved in the formation of genetic material like DNA and RNA. A nucleotide itself is composed of three components: a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. The pentose sugar is different for DNA and RNA. For DNA, it is deoxyribose sugar, whereas for RNA it is ribose sugar.
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Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of cells because they are responsible for the releasing of energy from food. For example: cellular respiration.
Statement from Biology-Online.org; it states, "ATP<span> to </span>ADP<span> - Energy Release. This is done by a simple process, in which one of the phosphate molecules is broken off, therefore reducing the </span>ATP<span> from 3 phosphates to 2, </span><span>forming ADP"
In simpler words, ATP is a more powerful molecule containing 3 phosphates, while they will go into a cycle (I forgot the name), where phosphates are kicked out, therefore the ATP now has 2 phosphates, <em>THUS TURNING INTO ADP. </em><em />Since it had 2 phosphates, it is no longer classified as ATP, it is classified as ADP.</span>