Answer:
Commensalism only occur among biotic factors
Explanation:
Abiotic factors are non-living factors that interacts with the biotic factor within an ecosystem. Commensalism is an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm.
From the above definition of commensalism, it is clear to note that it only involves two organisms rather than non-living organisms, hence; commensalism involves only biotic factors
We have heard about Respiration. In human beings, respiration is a cellular activity which takes place in the presence of oxygen and in result produces carbon dioxide. Jamal model is a clear manifestation of that process. Medulla is the region of a brain that controls the respiration activity. When we breathe we take in oxygen and the excess amount of carbon dioxide is removed from out body.
Brains cells have capability to detect the carbon concentration in blood and add excess amount of carbon from body to the air.
Pheromones used in reproduction are not likely to be found in organisms that only reproduce asexually.
The chemicals called pheromones are used to communicate between members of the same species and cause the recipient to react physically or behaviorally. Pheromones are a subset of organisms' larger class of chemicals to communicate, known as semiochemicals, from the Greek <em>semeon</em>, meaning signal or mark.
Animals communicate chemically constantly, with pheromones mediating more interactions than any other type of signal. The majority of pheromone research has been conducted on insects, particularly species that are considered pests.
For these, using pheromones that alter their behaviour in various ways might be employed for population control, pest management, or monitoring.
To learn more about pheromones click here
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B. Cells reproduce independently and viruses require a host to reproduce
This primary core is the nucleus.
Hope this helped!!
~xox Melis
