The recombination frequency of the two gene pairs is 3%.
The number of recombinant offspring(r.o.) / total number of offspring x 100% = recombination frequency(θ):
r.o./total x 100% = θ
30/100 x 100% = 3%
Recombinant offspring are children that have a different allele combination to their parents.
For example, say a mother has a haploid cell with the alleles AB and the father has a haploid cell with the alleles ab. These combine to make a diploid cell with the sequence Aa+Bb.
Formation of Recombinant Offspring :
Recombination can happen in two different ways; independent assortment and crossing over.
- Independent assortment is when the maternal and parental DNA are mixed during meiosis, creating a new gene sequence.
- Crossing over happens during the first stage of meiosis when the two homologous chromosomes are paired and a portion breaks off on the same loci then reconnects to a different end. Crossing over can only happen when there isn't a physical linkage of the parental alleles.
Recombination frequency (θ) is the frequency with which a single chromosomal crossover will take place between two genes during meiosis. A centimorgan (cM) is a unit that describes a recombination frequency of 1%. In this way we can measure the genetic distance between two loci, based upon their recombination frequency. This is a good estimate of the real distance. Double crossovers would turn into no recombination. In this case we cannot tell if crossovers took place. If the loci we're analysing are very close (less than 7 cM) a double crossover is very unlikely. When distances become higher, the likelihood of a double crossover increases. As the likelihood of a double crossover increases we systematically underestimate the genetic distance between two loci.
When two genes are close together on the same chromosome, they do not assort independently and are said to be linked. Whereas genes located on different chromosomes assort independently and have a recombination frequency of 50%, linked genes have a recombination frequency that is less than 50%.
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For women, the possibility of pregnancy begins in the ovaries. A woman is born with 1 to 2 million eggs, more than a lifetime's supply. The eggs begin dying off almost immediately and she never produces more. The average egg lives only about 24 hours, so it has to be fertilized soon for pregnancy to happen. If it doesn't get fertilized on time, it either dissolves or is absorbed by the body. When an egg is fertilized, its own genetic material and the genetic material of the sperm that got to the egg first combine to create a new cell that starts dividing rapidly. A woman isn't actually pregnant until that new bundle of cells (called the embryo) travels down the fallopian tube and attaches to the wall of the woman's uterus. The average pregnancy lasts for 38 weeks from the date you conceive (called conception). However, doctors usually date your pregnancy from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period. Using this method, a pregnancy is said to last 40 weeks, or 280 days.
