1) The first Danish war in 1862
2)The Austro-Prussian War in 1866
3) The Franco Prussian War in 1870-1871
Should be the answer
1.melody short phrases, large leaps
Towards the end of the past century composers as Steve Reich La Monte Young, Philip Glass, they began to explore what is now called minimalism, in which the music is stripped down to its most fundamental features; the music often features repetition and iteration. An early example is Terry Riley's In C from 1964, perhaps a random work in which short phrases are chosen by the musicians from a set list and played an arbitrary number of times, while the note C is repeated in quavers behind them. Philip Glass works are on the most representative perhaps also featuring as soundtracks of movies.
2, harmony mixed meter
This caused a very new sensation with an extreme irregular rhytm. While time signatures usually express a regular pattern of beat stresses continuing through a piece (sometimes a section), sometimes composers place a different time signature at the beginning of each bar, resulting in music with an extremely irregular rhythmic feel.
Examples;Promenade -- Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition (1874) The opening already shows signs of this implement
3· rhythm atonality
Atonality first began as a pejorative term to condemn music in which chords were organized seemingly with no apparent coherence. the term describes music that does not conform to the system of tonal hierarchies that were traditionally seen in classical European music between the 1700's and 1900'a centuries Example; ending Schoenberg's "George Lieder" Op. 15/1
4.dynamics extremes
some pieces started to use additional markings of further emphasis. Extreme dynamic markings introduced an extreme range of loudness, or, and sometimes accompanied with very small differences of loudness within a normal range, this huge change was made possible with the orchestration of the work, usually using many loud instruments like brass and percussion playing at once. It became more widespread in late 1900s.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision effectively overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education.
Answer:
In the ninteenth century there were many signs that political democracy was expanding in Western Europe. First, universal male suffrage laws were passed. Second, the prime minister was responsible to the popularly elected legislative body, not to a king or president. This principle is called ministerial responsibility and is crucial for democracy. Third, mass political parties were formed.
