The Byzantine Greeks called themselves Rhomaoi (Romans) and their Empire the Roman Empire. They saw themselves as the continuation of the Roman Empire and never used the term "Byzantine" to describe themselves. There was no one clear period when the Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire.
Advantages:
From a conservative or state-based ideology: it is much easier to control population since they rarely receive "strange" ideas or influence from outside. Domestic policies become much more important. In so, it becomes easier to set popular aims targeting citizens.
The country could(historically seen) stand the best defense against outside powers which could try to set an invasion. For example, the Great Wall of China turned out to set a strong defense against Mongols and other menaces along many centuries.
Disadvantages are listed:
Trading with other countries can influence negatively on economic growth, as there is no autonomous country even if it results as big as China.
Trade has become key in today's globalized world, henceforth the need to collaborate or cooperate in economic exchanges is a necessity to keep up the pace in global affairs.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The question does not include options. We do not know the name of the individuals you are referring to. You also did not mention what period in the history of the US you are referring to.
So although your question is incomplete, we can help you answer in the following general terms.
We assume you are referring to the Progressive era in the United States history from the 1880s to the 1920s.
During this era, many reformers demanded changes in US politics and economics. After many injustices lived during the Gilded Age, muckraker journalists exposed the corruption activities of many legislators and politicians. The federal government created legislation to stop this situation and also created laws to eliminate monopolies in the economy.
So we can say that reformers built a foundation to change the political and economic scene in the US, as well as society.
made freedom of religion happen,and directed changes taking place in the territory of the orleans
