Answer:
Some of the gains from trade shift to Portugal.
Explanation:
The law of comparative advantage describes how agents produces more of and consumes less of a good for which they have a comparative advantage in. Agents have a comparative advantage if they produce a good at a lower marginal cost prior to trade. Contrary to it, agent has an absolute advantage if they produce a good more productively, or more quantity of goods for a less amount of resources.
In this example, if the price of doormat increases to 5 hats per doormat, Spain will have to produce hats to get 1 doormat. Contrary to it, Portugal will get more hats for producing the same amount of doormats as before.
So, to conclude, Portugal will gain from this trade.
There are many possible reasons but the two most common were christian missionaries who conducted religious missions all over the world in order to convert people, and the second being direct conquest like what Spaniards did in South American countries.
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Changes in the earth's climate caused ice sheets to grow and cover most of Canada and some of the northern US almost 15 000 years ago. This is known as the last Ice Age. For the last two million years, the earth has shifted between ice ages and warmer periods. Ice ages are caused by slight changes in the way the earth orbits around the sun. Huge continental glaciers or sheets of ice moved down from the Artic and covered Canada, North America and much of Europe.