Answer: Cows put in a pasture of fresh grass will eat it down too a point it would regrow fast.. Unless the pasture is not large enough for the number of cattle. Then they will eat it into the ground and kill it.
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A germline mutation occurs in a sperm cell or an egg cell and is passed directly from a parent to a child at the time of conception.
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a. resolve the branching patterns (evolutionary history) of the Lophotrochozoa
b. (the same, it is repeated)
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Nemertios (ribbon worms) and foronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related groups of lofotrocozoa. Lofotrocozoans, or simply trocozoans (= tribomastic celomados with trocophoric larva) are a group of animals that includes annelids, molluscs, endoprocts, brachiopods and other invertebrates. They represent a crucial superphylum for our understanding of the evolution of bilateral symmetry animals. However, given the inconsistency between molecular and morphological data for these groups, their origins were not entirely clear. In the work linked above, the first records of genomes of the Nemertine worm Notospermus geniculatus and the foronid Phoronis australis are presented, along with transcriptomes along the adult bodies. Our phylogenetic analyzes based on the genome place Nemertinos as the sister group of the taxon that contains Phoronidea and Brachiopoda. It is shown that lofotrocozoans share many families of genes with deuterotomes, suggesting that these two groups retain a common genetic repertoire of bilaterals that do not possess ecdisozoans (arthropods, nematodes) or platizoos (platelets, sydermats). Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that foronid and brachiopod lofophores are similar not only morphologically, but also at the molecular level. Although the lofophore and vertebrates show very different cephalic structures, the lofophorees express the vertebrate head genes and neuronal marker genes. This finding suggests a common origin of the bilaterial pattern of the head, although different types of head will evolve independently in each lineage. In addition, we recorded innate immunity expansions of lineage-specific and toxin-related genes in both lofotrocozoa and deuterostomes. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lofotrocozoans, in which the conserved and specific characteristics of the lineage shape their evolution.
Plants do not grow near the old copper mine because of the excess copper deposited in them impairs cellular processes and inhibits plant growth.
What are micronutrients?
These are required by plants in much smaller quantities less than 1% of the dry weight but are necessary for growth and development. There are 7 essential plant nutrients like boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), and, chlorine (Cl).
Copper activates some enzymes in plants that are involved in lignin synthesis and are required in the process of photosynthesis.
Excess copper causes reduced seed germination, low shoot vigour, and lower iron availability. A deficiency of copper can lead to increased to susceptibility to diseases like ergot, which can cause significant loss in the yield.
Plants growing in the old copper mine have the excess deposition of copper in one place which affects the germination of seeds hence it is found difficult to grow in the old copper mine.
Plants can grow easily in a place that is further away from the old copper mine. Because there is a high concentration of copper dissolved in water in the soil, this helps the plant to grow by exhibiting the photosynthesis process.
Learn more about micronutrients from the link given below:
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When 2 slabs of continental lithosphere collide, it creates mountains.
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