Hi
Below are five major steps of DNA or gene cloning:
1: You chose the gene or specific piece of DNA you need to clone and cut the gene with restriction enzymes from the source organism.
2: You need to choose a vector for the process of cloning and you will cut the vector with same restriction enzymes through which you have cut your target DNA sequence to be inserted into the vector.
3: You place the target gene into the vector and join or seal the gene with vector by using an enzyme called DNA ligase.
4: You introduce the vector with your target gene into a suitable host organism such as yeast or bacteria through the process of Transformation. In this process host organism takes up the vector containing your target gene and starts replicating the target DNA along with their own DNA and thus creating millions of copies of target gene .
5: In the last step, the DNA or target gene is isolated from host organism and purified and is ready to be used since its quantity has been enormously increased through the process of cloning.
The cloning is also called as recombinant DNA technology and is the main process that is being used in the production of insulin for diabetes patients. You can see below image for better understanding.
Hope it help!
Venus is the answer, you can tell easily because Venus has no moons or rings :)
The organism (Living thing), utilizes energy, can detect changes in the environment it is in, and can rearrange and synthesize chemical compounds.
Some things to remember, Living organisms need to be able to reproduce, obtain energy, usually by eating food in order to work. They need the ability to maintain structure, a body. They need to be able to react to a change, whether it be external or internal. The organism must be able to dispose of waste. Needs the ability to grow and develop. Must be able to move. and finally death. <span />
Answer and Explanation:
The steps of the sliding filament theory are:
Muscle activation: breakdown of energy (ATP) by myosin.
Before contraction begins, myosin is only associated with a molecule of energy (ATP), which myosin breaks down into its component molecules (ADP + P) causing myosin to change shape.
Muscle contraction: cross-bridge formation
The shape change allows myosin to bind an adjacent actin, creating a cross-bridge.
Recharging: power (pulling) stroke
The cross-bridge formation causes myosin to release ADP+P, change shape, and to pull (slide) actin closer to the center of the myosin molecule.
Relaxaction: cross-bridge detachment
The completion of the pulling stroke further changes the shape of myosin. This allows myosin and ATP to bind, which causes myosin to release actin, destroying the cross-bridge. The cycle is now ready to begin again.
The repeated cycling through these steps generates force (i.e., step 2: cross-bridge formation) and changes in muscle length (i.e., step 3: power stroke), which are necessary to muscle contraction.
Answer:
The remaining ADP is at lower energy state.
Explanation:
ATP contain three phisphate bond. These phosphate groups form phosphodiester bond. Hydrolysis of each phosphate bond release about 7.3 Kcal of energy and one ADP. Now this ADP contain only one bond between phosphate group.
Result:
It is clered from the discussion that ADP is at lower energy level as compared to ATP due to less bond between phosphate group.
