Answer:
The right answer is option (D).
Explanation:
According to the scenario, the most appropriate answer is option (D) because systematic study can be defined as the study of social relationships and behavior and making a decision on the basis of data collected.
While the other options are not that appropriate because of the following reasons:
- The organizational study can be defined as the study when a person organizes a process which results in boosting the social relation.
- Intuitive study shows the concept of making decision immediately without going deep on data collected.
- Theoretical study shows the concept of study anything very theoretic and than makes the decision.
- Case-based study shows the concept of study which checks though the results of similar cases to make any decision.
As a strategy, market penetration is used when the business seeks to increase sales growth of its existing products or services to its existing markets in order to gain a higher market share.
Answer:
A. Cost of funds has changed
B. Firm's risk has changed
Explanation:
The required rate of return on bonds refers to an investor's expected rate of return which is based upon rate of return other investors earn in the market on similarly priced bonds. This is also referred to as yield to maturity i.e YTM.
Coupon rate of payment of bond is the interest payment on such bonds which is usually fixed at the time of issue of such bonds.
Required rate of return may differ on account of change in cost of funds to the issuer which is cost of debt denoted as 
. Cost of debt is determined by tax rate and net proceeds from the issue of such bonds.
Required rate of return may also change on account of change in the firm's risk. If the firm assumes more risk, such risk would deter investors from investing in such bonds and in such scenario, the firm has to offer higher coupon rate than the rate prevailing in the market to attract the investors.
Answer:
Economic models often vary greatly in assumptions and simplifications.
Explanation:
Most models in Classical Economics are based on a lot of generalizations and simplifications, that intend to model the behavior of the situations of the real world but often fail to encompass all the intricacies and complications that even most straightforward situations present. These simplifications help the Economists figure out the mathematical laws that are governing the real world economic systems. Therefore making the economic modeling a simpler process.
Classic economics implies three basic assumptions:
1- People behave rationally in any situation.
2- Firms and individual want to maximize profit and utility
3- People act independently based on available information.
