Why do plants and other photosynthetic organisms need CO2 from the atmosphere?

The human body that represents your physical life form has a great many tasks to perform in order to keep its owner alive and operational. At each moment, your heart and lungs are working, and a variety of other things are occurring inside you, even as you sleep. Some of these you can feel but not control, such as digestion; others will forever elude your conscious detection.

It is convenient to divide the many components of the body into systems based mainly on function. In some instances, this scheme makes body systems well localized; in others, they are anatomically dispersed throughout the body. Today, most primary sources offer a total of 11 body systems and functions, described in brief detail below.

Body Systems and Functions

As you have probably already concluded, the different human body systems have a vast array of overlapping and complementary functions. The sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart rate is an example of the nervous system function interacting with the circulatory system. (The parasympathetic effect on heart rate is to slow it; sympathetic input accelerates it.)

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The Circulatory System: Also called the cardiovascular system, the heart and blood vessels have the job of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the rest of the body and collecting waste products for removal from the body by other systems.

The Respiratory System: Your lungs allow you to inhale and exhale air to exchange gases between blood and lung space deep within the lungs themselves. The carbon dioxide produced in metabolism is "off-loaded," while oxygen from air is "on-loaded" to red blood cells.

The Skeletal System: Your bones, cartilage and ligaments provide a structural framework for the rest of you, like a scaffolding for organs and tissues. This system affords protection of vital organs and permits locomotion of the organism; the bone marrow in the middle of long bones makes immune cells.

The Muscular System: Muscles comes in three main types. Skeletal muscles move you around and perform other functions when you contract them voluntarily. Smooth muscle lines organs such as the gut and bladder and operates involuntarily. Cardiac muscle is a specialized kind of muscle in the myocardium of the heart.

The Integumentary System: This includes the skin, hair and nails, mostly the former. This physical barrier helps keep out microorganisms, regulates the moisture level of the organism and keeps temperature steady. The skin and other parts of the integumentary system work hand-in-hand with the body's immune system, such as keeping out germs and bacteria. Sometimes the immune system is listed separately from the integumentary system, leading to 12 body systems and functions rather than 11.

The Digestive System: This system converts ingested foods into smaller molecules your cells can harvest energy from.

The Nervous System: Your brain, spinal cord and a great many peripheral nerves make up this system, which is responsible for collecting, processing and transmitting information.

The Endocrine System: When you hear the word "hormones," think "endocrine system." This system regulates the internal environment of the organism via the dispersal of chemicals (hormones) that act at certain receptors throughout the body. The pancreas, pituitary gland and thyroid gland are part of this system,

The Excretory/Urinary System: Your kidneys help eliminate waste by filtering the blood, keep the acid-base levels of the blood steady, and regulate the amount of blood in the body via electrolyte and other solute balance.

The Lymphatic System: The structures in this system of channels are akin to a second circulatory system, which also includes the spleen, make cells that combat foreign invaders and help return tissue fluid to the blood vessels.

The Reproductive System: This system is responsible for creating gametes, or sex cells (testes in males, ovaries in females) that participate in fertilization and propagation of genes into the next generation of organisms. It includes the uterus in females and external genitalia regardless of sex.

Explanation:

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2 years ago

Describe the role of each of the following mechanisms in determining an individual’s eating habits and body weight.• Biological

alina1380 [7]

Answer:

Explanation:

1. Biological Mechanism: This are things like hunger, appetite and taste of the individual. Every individual is unique and one's hunger and appetite determines how often and how much they eat respectively. The higher these are, the more likely they are to consume calories. The taste is even more relevant as it speaks to what kind of food the individual likes, is it high calorie or low? Is it fat rich or low fibre? Etc.

Learning Mechanism: This are relevant mostly to students. Studying patterns greatly affect eating habits and body weight. Time of sleep, stress patterns, balanced diet and even regularly missing a meal for a study group directly affects metabolism patterns. For instance, eating breakfast regularly boosts metabolism, and is good for weight balance.

Reinforcement: Certain foods are quite addictive and so reinforce their consumption by adjusting brain chemistry.

Body or Brain Chemistry: Studies done on Obesity have found that some individuals are susceptible to environmental food cues than others due to differences in brain chemistry that make eating more habitual and less rewarding. This means that not only do they eat habitually but that it is less satisfying. This is a major contributor to obesity. These Peculiarities in brain/body chemistry affect people's eating pattern and their weight.

Brain Structure Modeling: Uncontrolled eating is also positively associated with gray matter volume (GMV) of the cerebellum, and negatively associated with the Gray matter volume on the left side of the anterior cingulate cortex, middle cingulate cortex, and supplementary motor areas. What this means is that individuals with more gray matter volume in these areas of their brains are more presdusposedto excessive eating habits and this might lead to weight problems and it's related health risks.

Genetic Factors: These factors are genetic predisposition to eating disorders, genetic influence on taste, meal selection and appetite processing.

These also influence how much the individual ends up eating and what type of food they eat.

Cultural Factors: This include type of food found in one's culture, polite eating habits there, the ingredients used for cooking said culture. It also encorporatea the individual's class as food poverty is known to exist affecting about 14 million people. There's also available and affordability of healthy food options. This affects both eating habits and weight as less healthy junk food are more likely to be calorie dense.

PS: The eating pattern and body weight factors are closely correlated as the eating pattern explains what the weight situation might mirror.

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3 years ago