Answer:
evolved specialized tubules lined with transport epithelia
Explanation:
The epithelium is a basic tissue that forms a continuous, protective layer of cells. Moreover, transport epithelia are specialized types of epithelium that are involved in the absorption of ions and water from one side to the other of the epithelium, which are responsible for the movement of solutes both in osmoregulation and excretion. During the evolution of excretory organs, higher animals developed specialized tubules associated with transport epithelia whose function is to excrete waste products and selectively retain (filter) nutrients.
Mouth. Food starts to move through your GI tract when you eat. When you swallow, your tongue pushes the food into your throat. A small flap of tissue, called the epiglottis, folds over your windpipe to prevent choking and the food passes into your esophagus.
Esophagus. Once you begin swallowing, the process becomes automatic. Your brain signals the muscles of the esophagus and peristalsis begins.
Lower esophageal sphincter. When food reaches the end of your esophagus, a ringlike muscle—called the lower esophageal sphincter —relaxes and lets food pass into your stomach. This sphincter usually stays closed to keep what’s in your stomach from flowing back into your esophagus.
Stomach. After food enters your stomach, the stomach muscles mix the food and liquid with digestive juices. The stomach slowly empties its contents, called chyme, into your small intestine.
Small intestine. The muscles of the small intestine mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, and push the mixture forward for further digestion. The walls of the small intestine absorb water and the digested nutrients into your bloodstream. As peristalsis continues, the waste products of the digestive process move into the large intestine.
Large intestine. Waste products from the digestive process include undigested parts of food, fluid, and older cells from the lining of your GI tract. The large intestine absorbs water and changes the waste from liquid into stool. Peristalsis helps move the stool into your rectum.
Rectum. The lower end of your large intestine, the rectum, stores stool until it pushes stool out of your anus during a bowel movement
Answer:
A) 0.1 a, 0.9 A
Explanation:
According to the given information, all the individuals in the founder population had free earlobes. Since the allele for the free earlobes (A) is dominant over the one for the attached earlobes (a), the genotype of each of the homozygous dominant founder individual would be "AA". Humans are diploid and one individual has two alleles for each gene in its genome. Total number of alleles for the earlobe in the founder population = 10 x 2 = 20.
Frequency of dominant allele, A in the founder population = total number of homozygous dominant individuals x 2 + the total number of heterozygous genotype / total alleles for the earlobe in the population. There were 8 homozygous dominant and 2 heterozygous dominant individuals in the population.
So, frequency of dominant allele = 8 x 2 + 2 / 20 = 16 + 2 / 20 = 18/20 = 0.9
Since p+q=1; frequency of recessive allele "a" = 1-p = 1-0.9 = 0.1
Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms
A. can cats learn to sit down on command
