Answer:
Mutations are errors in genetic information and code that cause physical and functional alterations in living organisms. Some of them may be beneficial, harmful, or not produce significant alterations (neutral).
Explanation:
When categorizing each mutation as beneficial, harmful, or neutral, it's observed that:
A mutation in the HBB gene, which codes for hemoglobin, produces red blood cells that are rigid and sickle-shaped and <u>is harmful</u>.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by the HBB gene mutation, producing crescent-shaped cells, or "YES", which are not functional and very short-lived, causing hemolytic anemia. Deformity in red blood cells can cause blockage of small-caliber arteries, causing other symptoms other symptoms related to the disease.
A mutation in the EYCL3 gene, which helps regulate eye color, produces two different colored eyes, is <u>neutral</u>.
Under normal conditions, EYCL gene determine the color of the eyes. A mutation of this gene can cause the same individual to have a green and blue eye, which is not a serious health problem, but rather aesthetic.
A mutation in the CFTR gene, which codes for a cell transport protein, causes a buildup of a thick mucus that covers the organs, which represents a <u>harmful</u> mutation.
Cystic fibrosis, a disease caused by a mutation in the CFRT gene, produces the excessive thick mucous secretion that lines up the lungs and other organs - liver, pancreas, intestine - that characterizes this condition.This causes a functional alteration of the affected organ. It is also known as mucoviscidosis.
A mutation in the LRP5 gene, which codes for a cell membrane protein, increases bone density, which<u> can be harmful</u>, when it produces symptoms or beneficial.
Increased bone density is called osteopetrosis, and depends on the LRP5 -Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5- gene mutation, that can cause bone pain in childhood and adolescence in just over half of patients, but represents an increase in bone resistance and reduces the risk of fractures.
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