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mylen [45]
3 years ago
7

A spectacular marine animal has a network of glassy spicules that forms a sac-like structure. This animal does not have true tis

sues. It is a suspension feeder. What cells or structures does this sac-shaped animal use to get nutrients from its feeding cells to other parts of its body?
Biology
1 answer:
PolarNik [594]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Sponges use <em><u>choanocytes</u></em> or <em><u>flagellated channels</u></em> to get nutrients from the feeding cells to other parts of their body.

Explanation:

Sponges are marine animals with a sac-shaped body. The epidermis is composed of polygonal flat cells called pinacocytes and pores protected by porocytes. Under the epidermis, there is a protein matrix called mesenchyme, which is composed of spicules and <em><u>amibocytes</u></em>. By the interior side of the sponge, there are the<em><u> choanocytes</u></em>. These are ovoid cells that can be shaping the spongocoele (internal cavity of the sponge), with an extreme attached to the mesenchyme and the other extreme projected to the spongocoele, or can be grouped in spaces called <em><u>flagellated channels</u></em>.

These animals depend on water to get oxygen and food to the inside of the sac and take excrements and reproductive cells to the outside. Sponges <em>feed on small detritus particles and suspending organisms</em> that get near the animal by water streams produced by choanocytes.

Particle size is essential. Only the small ones can get through the flagellated channels, where they get stuck to the choanocytes and are encapsulated by the cells. If the choanocytes are too small, the particle is transferred to the amibocytes for digestion. These last ones also act as food storages. Excrement products are dragged by a water stream.  

 

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Rank each of the following events of the ovarian cycle in chronological order using #1 to identify the earliest event. 61 Rank t
denis23 [38]

Answer:

1. The follicular phase begins

2. FSH stimulates the maturation of follicles  

3. Estradiol increases the dominant follicle's sensitivity to the gonadotropins

4. FSH secretion diminishes and non-dominant follicles degenerate.

5. A surge in LH stimulates the primary oocyte in the dominant follicle to complete meiosis

6. The secondary oocyte is formed and the dominant follicle ruptures (ovulation).

7. The follicle collapses and bleeds and becomes the corpus luteum.

8. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone helping to prepare the uterus for a possible fertilization

Explanation:

Ovocites production in all vertebrates is cyclic. It involves hormones interaction and changes in follicular cells and uterine walls. The hypothalamus is in charge of this cycle, and the hormones involved are the estrogens and progesterone, hypophysis hormones FSH and LH, and the hormone that releases gonadotrophins GnRH. In reduced concentrations, estrogens act by negative feedback inhibiting the production of FSH, GnRH, and LH. In high concentrations, by positive feedback, estrogens stimulate the GnRH secretion and enhancing the synthesis of FSH and LH hormones. Under the high concentration of progesterone, the secretion of all these hormones is inhibited.    

At the beginning of the menstrual cycle, the hormonal levels are low. After a few days, oocytes and follicles start to maturate under the influence of the gonadotrophic hormones FSH and LH. As the follicle increases in size, it secretes estrogen that stimulates the endometrium´s regeneration to make the fertilized ovule implantation possible. The rapid increase in estrogens level in the middle of the cycle provokes an increase in LH release, which also stimulates the oocyte release (ovulation) that goes to the uterus. Under the stimulation of the LH, the follicle cells increase in size and produce the luteal body. Cells of this last one increase in size and secrete progesterone and estrogen. The high levels of these two hormones inhibit the secretion of  GnRH and thus the secretion of FSH and LH.      

If there is not fertilized and implanted egg, the luteal body is reabsorbed and the production of the ovarian hormones decreases. Under low hormones concentration, the endometrium loses part of its wall by eliminating as the menstrual fluid. When the ovarian hormones decrease, hypophysial gonadotrophic hormones increase again followed by the development of a new follicle and the increase in estrogen levels when the cycle starts all over again.

4 0
3 years ago
How did Mary Montagu discover a vaccine for smallpox
insens350 [35]

Answer:

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu adapted "variolation" instead of "vaccination" to prevent smallpox in her children. She learned about it when she was in Constantinople (Turkey) with her husband. There, prisoners were intentionally inoculated with smallpox virus under their skin. When she saw that they didn't develop the disease and were among survivors, she inoculated smallpox virus to her children (son and daughter) as well using a needle. Later on, efforts of Edward Jenner towards vaccination were also recognized and it became a fashion to inoculate smallpox as a preventive measure.

5 0
3 years ago
Some viruses can be crystallized and their structures analyzed. One such virus is yellow mottle virus, which infects beans. This
Vanyuwa [196]

Answer:

The correct answer is c. That is 9 protein to form each facet

Explanation:

Given that the capsids is 25-30nm in diameter and it contains 180 identical capsomeres, if the virus capsid has 20 facets in 180 capsomeres, then for each protein facet, it will contain 9 protein facets.

Thai is 180 capsomeres divided by total number of facets (20).

3 0
3 years ago
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jeka57 [31]
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6 0
3 years ago
How are the products represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Liula [17]
The correct option is D.
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5 0
3 years ago
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