Trade with the Arabs did a few things for the African kingdoms. It increased trade, profit, and led to a ruling class.
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The creation of distinctive classes in the North drove striking new cultural developments. Even among the wealthy elites, northern business families, who had mainly inherited their money, distanced themselves from the newly wealthy manufacturing leaders. Regardless of how they had earned their money, however, the elite lived and socialized apart from members of the growing middle class. The middle class valued work, consumption, and education and dedicated their energies to maintaining or advancing their social status. Wage workers formed their own society in industrial cities and mill villages, though lack of money and long working hours effectively prevented the working class from consuming the fruits of their labor, educating their children, or advancing up the economic ladder.
<span> Was a South African </span>anti-apartheid revolutionary,politician<span>, and </span>philanthropist<span>, who served as </span>President of South Africa<span> from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a </span>fully representative<span> democratic election.</span>
