An example of a political development in Europe that led to the creation of a new state is the movement for independence that took place in Ireland. Ireland was part of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1922. During the late 19th century and the early 20th century, Ireland saw a vigorous campaign advocating for Irish Home Rule. By 1918, militant republican separatism had gained strength.
War began between the Irish rebels and the British forces in 1919. Ireland was partitioned into Northern Ireland (belonging to the UK) and the Irish Free State, in 1920-1921. The Republic of Ireland, an independent nation, achieved full recognition in the years between 1931-1937.
