Answer:
James Garfield was 20th president of US and was the first sitting member of congress to be elected as a president. Civil services reform act was passed on 16th Jan 1883 by president Chester A Arthur. The act allowed to appoint people on various government posts on basis of their merit, instead of political patronage and outlawed the spoiler system.
James A Garfield favoured the reformers because of their stand about civil service reform which was necessary for the american government during his presidency.
C.Walls around the city provided protection from enemies
Answer:
A. People read, saw, and heard only what the government desired and
D. Leaders came to power through secret internal power struggles.
Explanation:
The Soviet Union (USSR), (1922- 1991), did not really rob the people of their freedom. Before the creation of the USSR, the country was ruled for three centuries by Romanov czars (1613–1917). A progressive and short-lived provisional government (1917) served as a mere interregnum between the autocratic czars and totalitarian Communism. The country was not free either before or during the Soviet time. Only for a brief time in the 1990s was Russia a free country. Although the USSR did not invent the Russian dictatorship, it was more repressive and cruel than its Romanov predecessors—especially during Stalin's rule (1924–1953). When Stalin was in power, the state's control of the media was total. Those who attempted to read or listen to anything apart from what was allowed were punished.
Fear was much more pervasive during the Soviet time. The USSR had extremely efficient secret police who eliminated real or potential opponents. There were purges. Stalin-era purges led to the deaths or exile of thousands of people.
Peasants suffered more than the urban population during Soviet rule. Farms were taken over by force under Stalin. Many peasants starved or were sent into forced labour in Siberia.
After the death of Stalin in 1953, Soviet citizens enjoyed slightly more freedom. But only the last leader of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev, was willing to give some rights to Soviet citizens. Western-style democracy has always been alien to Russia as it has almost always been ruled by a tyrant.
Hello,
According to Biography.com- Peter the Great was a Russian czar in the late 17th century who is best known for his extensive reforms in an attempt to establish Russia as a great nation.
Having ruled jointly with his brother Ivan V from 1682, when Ivan died in 1696, Peter was officially declared Sovereign of all Russia.
Peter was a far-sighted and skillful diplomat who abolished Russia's archaic form of government and appointed a viable Senate, which regulated all branches of administration, as well as making, groundbreaking accomplishments in Russia's foreign policy.
Although he proved to be an effective leader, Peter was also known to be cruel and tyrannical. The high taxes that often accompanied his various reforms led to revolts among citizens, which were immediately suppressed by the imposing ruler.
He created a strong navy, reorganized his army according to Western standards, secularized schools, administered greater control over the reactionary Orthodox Church, and introduced new administrative and territorial divisions of the country.
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