In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.
Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.
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➷ The structure that provides the best surface for diffusion to occur is the bronchioles.
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The answers are insulin?glucose. After a meal, the digestion of carbohydrates in the intestines release sugars , which are absorbed into the blood. If food contained high levels of simple sugars then blood sugars level rises quickly. Insulin is a hormone which is released by the pancrease in response to rising blood sugar levels. Insulin causes sugars to be stored in the liver in the form of glycogen and this in turn lowers your blood sugar level.
