The water cycle is something that was observed by simply looking at the world; almost all cultures had references to it at some point. However, approaching it from a modern day scientific viewpoint was an approach that was developed only in recent years.
The treaties did not hold. Indians had no control over Plains People. In 1866, William J. Fetterman got ambushed.
Troposphere because that layer of the atmosphere is 10-15 kilometers up into the air